(BBC Online)
It isn't often that you will see me speak so highly of a Tory ;), least of all a peacetime Prime Minister (
Churchill was just in a league of his own), but
Harold Macmillan was an unusual Conservative. So left wing he could fit into today's Labour Party with ease and of whom
Clement Attlee stated (as mentioned in
Peter Hennessy's book on Prime Ministers since 1945) nearly joined the Labour Party in the early 1930s.
Maurice Harold Macmillan was born in 1894, into a family of publishers. He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford and won the Millitary Cross, although so many friends and aquintances of his from Oxford were killed, that he refused to continue his academic studies there, saying the place would never be the same. That said, he was Chancellor of Oxford University from 1962 until his death in 1986.
In 1920 he married Lady Dorothy Cavendish, the daughter of the Duke of Devonshire. The marriage was that of mutual companionship, although somewhat painful, as for many years Dorothy had an affair with the somewhat dubious Conservative MP,
Bob Boothby. Perhaps the bleakest time in Macmillan's life was in the early 1930s when his wife's affair was in full swing, his political career was stalled (he lost his Stockton seat in the 1929 general election), he was (according to his official biographer) looked down on by his wife's relatives, and there was the private knowledge that he was not the father of Dorothy's youngest child.
But Macmillan persevered and reclaimed his seat in 1931, although
his One Nation brand of Toryism and his anti-appeasment views made him unpopular with the leadership and kept him on the backbenches.
When Churchill came to power in 1940 and set up the wartime coalition government, Macmillan was given a junior post at the Ministry of Supply, before being made the government's representative to the Allies in the Mediterranean. At the end of the War he was promoted to cabinet status, only to lose his seat in the forthcoming Labour landslide.
After returning to Parliament in the Bromley by-election of November 1945, Macmillan was soon a member of the Shadow Cabinet and a leading figure of the left in the Conservative Party. After Churchill returned to Downing Street in 1951, Macmillan was made Minister for Housing, before becoming Minister of Defence, Foreign Secretary, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and then, following
Eden's resignation, Prime Minister.
During the six years he was PM, Macmillan helped formulate the
Partial Test Ban Treaty, applied for Britian to join the EEC (although that was vetoed by
President de Gaulle of France), helped various Commonwealth nations achieve independence and warned the architects of Apartheid that a wind of change was sweeping through Africa and that South Africa ought to embrace it.
But he was no saint. After another by-election defeat for the Tories in 1962, Macmillan sacked seven of his cabinet ministers within hours, causing
Jeremy Thorpe to paraphrase a verse in St John's Gospel, stating;
"Greater love hath no man than this, than to lay down his friends for his life" . He was also overwhelmed and embarrased by
the Profumo Affair, and, having suspected cancer, retired in October 1963. However, it turned out that he did not have cancer after all and lived for another twenty-three years.
In retirement, he stood down as an MP, initally refused apeerage and became Chairman of the Macmillan Publishers. He remained involved in politics from the sidelines however and was a polite critic of Thatcherism, liking her monetarist policies in a speech he made a year before his death as,
"selling the family silver". He also had an impish sense of humour. When the Soviet leader
Yuri Andropov's death was announced on Macmillan's ninetieth birthday, he remarked on how thoughtful it was of him. He also made one of the best political put-downs as Prime Minister when the then Soviet leader,
Nikita Khrushchev twice interrupted him during a speech Macmillan was making at the UN, mainly by shouting and pounding his shoe on his desk, Macmillan replied
"I should like that to be translated if he wants to say anything."But above all, whatever his politics, he was a thoughtful and compassionate man who cared a great deal for the wellbeing of the British people. Shortly before his death, when he knew the end was not far off, he stated on the latest unemployment figures from Thatcher's government
"Sixty-three years ago … the unemployment figure (in Stockton-on-Tees) was 29 percent. Last November (1986) it was 28 percent. A rather sad end to one’s life." That is the kind of critique that hits it's mark more than the kind of sniping other non-Thatcherite Tories made.